Virtues      and     Vices      and     Other      Essays       in   Moral                                 Philosophy  This page intentionally left blank  Virtues and Vices and Other Essays in Moral                                Philosophy                                    Philippa Foot                           CLARENDON PRESS    · OXFORD                             Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2  6DP             Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford          It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship,                            and education by publishing worldwide in                                          Oxford New York                     Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai                  Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata               Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi                            S?o Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto                 Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press                             in the UK and in certain other countries                                 Published in the United States by                             Oxford University Press Inc., New York                               ? in this edition, Philippa Foot 2002                       The moral rights of the authors have been asserted                         Database right Oxford University Press (maker)       First published 1978 by Blackwell Publishers and University of California Press              All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,          stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,              without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press,        or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate             reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction          outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department,                          Oxford University Press, at the address above                You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover                   and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer                         British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data                                            Data available                       Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data                                            Foot, Philippa.            Virtues and vices and other essays in moral philosophy/Philippa Foot.                                                p. cm.     Originally published: Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978. With new pref.                                              and index.                          Includes bibliographical references and index.   Contents: Virtues and vices—The problem of abortion and the doctrine of the double  effect—Euthanasia—Free will as involving determinism—Hume on moral judgement—    Nietzsche, the revaluation of values—Moral arguments—Moral beliefs—Goodness     and choice—Reasons for action and desires—Morality as a system of hypothetical   imperatives—A reply to Professor Frankena—Are moral considerations overriding?—                                    Approval and disapproval.                                          1. Ethics. I. Title.                            BJ1012.F57 2002 170—dc21 2002025813                                        ISBN 0-19-925285-8                                    ISBN 0-19-925286-6 (pbk.)  To The Memory Of Iris Murdoch  This page intentionally left blank                                                       Contents  Preface to 2002 Edition                                                                                                        ix  Preface                                                                                                                        xi  Introduction                            

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